Maroc-Espagne: Chape de plomb sur les relations
Rabat, Maroc - Le spectre de l'île de Persil, au large de Ceuta, plane toujours sur les relations entre le Maroc et son voisin du nord, l'Espagne, depuis l'annonce officielle de la visite lundi du roi Juan Carlos dans les enclaves de Ceuta et Melilla, seules territoires terrestres qui séparent l'Afrique de l'Europe.
Cette visite du roi d'Espagne a ravivée la braise et fait craindre l'irruption de nouveau d'un conflit territorial et de souveraineté "larvé" qui date du 16ème siècle.
Déjà en juillet 2002, une crise sans précédent avait opposé l'Espagne et le Maroc au moment où les forces militaires espagnoles étaient intervenues sur l'île de Persil pour "déloger" les soldats marocains qui s'y étaient installés.
Si pour Madrid, Persil est un territoire sous statu quo depuis 40 ans, aucune des deux parties n'étant en droit de l'occuper, les autorités marocaines, en revanche, affirment que ce territoire leur revient de droit à l'instar des deux présides de Ceuta et de Melilla. Rabat défend que ces deux villes "font partie intégrante du territoire marocain et que leur retour à la mère patrie se fera à travers des négociations directes avec l'Espagne voisine".
Une approche qui tente d'éviter l'internationalisation d'un différend dont l'aboutissement risque d'être sacrifier sur l'autel d'une autodétermination référendaire pure et simple, voire définitive, en raison de la supériorité numérique des populations espagnoles qui y résident depuis des siècles. L'exemple du conflit territorial entre l'Espagne et la Grande-Bretagne sur le rocher de Gibraltar en est l'illustration la plus éloquente.
L'annonce, voire la "confirmation" publique et officielle de l'"hispanité" des deux présides ne se fait désormais sentir que très rarement. La dernière visite d'un monarque espagnol dans ce territoire situé sur la côte nord-ouest du Maroc remonte à 1927, quand le grand-père de Juan Carlos, Alphonse XIII, s'y était rendu.
Pour cause, les dirigeants espagnols évitent toujours le voyage en raison de son caractère "très sensible", d'autant que le roi d'Espagnol, qui règne mais ne gouverne pas, incarne la "souveraineté" de l'Etat.
Cette autorité sur un territoire qualifié de "spolié" est contestée par les Marocains. En outre, une visite officielle du monarque espagnol ne peut avoir lieu sans l'aval et la caution du palais de la Moncloa.
Plus encore, l'annonce de cette visite intervient au moment même au le chef de la diplomatie espagnole, Miguel Angel Moratinos, se trouvait toujours samedi au Maroc pour une visite semi-privée où il participait à un festival dans la ville d'Essaouira après avoir accompagné le prince héritier d'Espagne pour un séjour dans le royaume alaouite au cours duquel il a inauguré un centre culturel "Cervantès".
En rappelant son ambassadeur à Madrid pour consultation pour "une durée indéterminée", le roi Mohammed VI, le véritable chef de la diplomatie marocaine en vertu de la Constitution, tient à attester que le Maroc "ne badine pas avec son intégrité territoriale et sa souveraineté", malgré l'imbrication des intérêts mutuels et les relations maroco-espagnoles souvent qualifiées de part et d'autre de "très excellentes".
Une telle position vient d'être fortement confortée et aiguillonnée par la victoire aux dernières législatives du parti conservateur de l'Istiqlal (indépendance), un parti nationaliste qui défend farouchement l'intégrité territoriale du Maroc du Sahara occidental aux îles Zaffarines en passant par les deux enclaves de Ceuta et Melilla, baptisées "Sebta" et "Mellilia" en arabe.
"Le temps des réponses coloniales est terminé. Il y a des lignes rouges pour l'intégrité territoriale du Maroc qui ne doivent pas être franchies", avait souligné le porte-parole du gouvernement marocain, Khalid Naciri, ajoutant que "nos amis espagnols devraient le comprendre".
La visite du roi Juan Carlos à Ceuta et Melilla vient désormais relancer les controverses sur les différends territoriaux entre les deux pays. A peine les liens entre Rabat et Madrid se sont nettement améliorés depuis l'incident de l'île de Persil en 2002, sous le gouvernement de José Maria Aznar (parti populaire), que des crises diplomatiques du même genre jaillissent de nouveau.
Mais, il semble, de l'avis de certains experts, que de telles initiatives obéissent parfois à des considérations purement politiciennes en Espagne. Car, de par son timing, cette visite dévoile, entre autres, la compétition acharnée entre les socialistes du PSOE (au pouvoir) et le parti populaire (PP, droite), dont chacun d'entre eux tente de se l'approprier (NDRL: la visite) afin de gagner des voix en vue des élections législatives de 2008.
Pourtant, un voyage similaire dans les deux enclaves, effectué en février 2006 par le chef du gouvernement espagnol José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero avait déjà été à l'origine de la colère de Rabat, sans empêcher une consolidation des relations entre les deux pays.
Madrid s'est notamment rapproché de Rabat sur le dossier du Sahara occidental, ancienne colonie espagnole, en qualifiant de "très bonne" la concertation entre les deux pays à propos de cette question.
Les enclaves de Ceuta et Melilla, situées en territoire marocain, divisent depuis de longues années Rabat et Madrid. L'Espagne s'est emparée de Ceuta en 1580 en succédant au Portugal et de Melilla en 1496, deux places conçues à l'origine comme des postes avancés après la reconquête de leur territoire des rois catholiques contre les principautés arabes.
Melilla est une ville portuaire sur la côte du Rif au nord de la ville marocaine de Nador, sur une petite péninsule surplombant la Méditerranée. Cette enclave de 12 km2 compte 70.000 habitants. Ceuta, situé sur un promontoire de 20 km2 près du Détroit de Gibraltar entre les villes marocaines de Tanger et Tétouan compte près de 73.000 habitants, dont 6.000 soldats.
Par Khalid Barka - 04/11/2007 /Panapress. source: http://www.afriquenligne.fr
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Morocco Recalls Ambassador From Spain
Friday November 2, 2007 9:16 PM
By HAROLD HECKLE /Associated Press Writer
MADRID, Spain (AP) - Morocco recalled its ambassador from Spain on Friday after what it called a regrettable plan by Spain's king and queen to visit two Spanish enclaves in North Africa that are claimed by Morocco.
King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia are to make their first official visit to Ceuta and Melilla, Spain's possessions in North Africa. Both territories are claimed by Morocco and are located on its northern Mediterranean coastline.
Spain insists the cities are as Spanish as Madrid or Barcelona. Morocco calls them ``occupied'' territory.
The cities, remnants of Spain's once globe-spanning colonial empire, have been Spanish for more than 400 years, longer than Morocco has been a sovereign state, Spain says.
The two-day royal visit starting Monday, long-sought by residents of the enclaves, will be Juan Carlos' first trip to Ceuta and Melilla as head of state. He and his wife visited in 1970, before he became king.
Morocco's Foreign Ministry announced the ``indefinite recall for consultation'' of Ambassador Omar Azziman ``following the official announcement ... of the regrettable visit by his majesty King Juan Carlos on Nov. 5 and 6 to the occupied cities of Ceuta and Melilla,'' the official Moroccan news agency MAP said Friday.
Morocco's claim to Ceuta and Melilla has been a long-standing sore point in bilateral relations, which have become closer since 2004, when Spain's left-leaning Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero took office, replacing conservative Jose Maria Aznar.
The enclave controversy is one of several sources of tension across the narrow straits that divide Morocco and Spain.
This week, Moroccan government spokesman Khalid Naciri questioned the motivations of a Spanish judge, Baltasar Garzon, who announced the opening of an inquest into suspected atrocities against North African Saharawi people - ostensibly at the hands of Moroccan authorities. Naciri accused Garzon of dabbling in politics.
Spain withdrew from its former colony Western Sahara after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975, and Morocco annexed the territory - the Saharawi people's ancestral homeland. Saharawis have said crimes were committed during and after the Moroccan invasion.
In 2002, during Aznar's premiership, a handful of Moroccan soldiers briefly occupied the half-square-mile Spanish island of Perejil, near the Moroccan coast.
Spanish troops swiftly dislodged the Moroccans from the rocky island, which Spain has claimed for centuries. Under a U.S.-mediated diplomatic resolution, both sides agreed not to put troops on it again.
On Thursday, MAP carried comments from Naciri on relations with Spain.
``All Moroccans agree that Ceuta and Melilla are Moroccan and that there is not a single Moroccan who thinks or who would write otherwise,'' he was quoted as saying.
Naciri stressed Morocco's desire for good relations with Spain, but added that ``the time for colonial responses is definitely over.''
There are ``red lines related to Morocco's territorial integrity that must not be crossed,'' MAP quoted Naciri as saying. ``Our Spanish friends should understand.''
He called for a solution to the problem through negotiations.
An official of the Spanish royal palace, speaking on condition of anonymity, declined to say why the royal couple had chosen now to make the trip.
The last Spanish monarch to visit Ceuta and Melilla was Juan Carlos grandfather, Alfonso XIII, in 1927.
Spanish leaders tend to stay away from them because of the political sensitivities. A January 2006 visit by Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero was the first official trip by a Spanish premier since 1980.
Associated Press writers Daniel Woolls in Madrid and John Leicester in Paris contributed to this report. source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,,-7045900,00.html
Friday November 2, 2007 9:16 PM
By HAROLD HECKLE /Associated Press Writer
MADRID, Spain (AP) - Morocco recalled its ambassador from Spain on Friday after what it called a regrettable plan by Spain's king and queen to visit two Spanish enclaves in North Africa that are claimed by Morocco.
King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia are to make their first official visit to Ceuta and Melilla, Spain's possessions in North Africa. Both territories are claimed by Morocco and are located on its northern Mediterranean coastline.
Spain insists the cities are as Spanish as Madrid or Barcelona. Morocco calls them ``occupied'' territory.
The cities, remnants of Spain's once globe-spanning colonial empire, have been Spanish for more than 400 years, longer than Morocco has been a sovereign state, Spain says.
The two-day royal visit starting Monday, long-sought by residents of the enclaves, will be Juan Carlos' first trip to Ceuta and Melilla as head of state. He and his wife visited in 1970, before he became king.
Morocco's Foreign Ministry announced the ``indefinite recall for consultation'' of Ambassador Omar Azziman ``following the official announcement ... of the regrettable visit by his majesty King Juan Carlos on Nov. 5 and 6 to the occupied cities of Ceuta and Melilla,'' the official Moroccan news agency MAP said Friday.
Morocco's claim to Ceuta and Melilla has been a long-standing sore point in bilateral relations, which have become closer since 2004, when Spain's left-leaning Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero took office, replacing conservative Jose Maria Aznar.
The enclave controversy is one of several sources of tension across the narrow straits that divide Morocco and Spain.
This week, Moroccan government spokesman Khalid Naciri questioned the motivations of a Spanish judge, Baltasar Garzon, who announced the opening of an inquest into suspected atrocities against North African Saharawi people - ostensibly at the hands of Moroccan authorities. Naciri accused Garzon of dabbling in politics.
Spain withdrew from its former colony Western Sahara after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975, and Morocco annexed the territory - the Saharawi people's ancestral homeland. Saharawis have said crimes were committed during and after the Moroccan invasion.
In 2002, during Aznar's premiership, a handful of Moroccan soldiers briefly occupied the half-square-mile Spanish island of Perejil, near the Moroccan coast.
Spanish troops swiftly dislodged the Moroccans from the rocky island, which Spain has claimed for centuries. Under a U.S.-mediated diplomatic resolution, both sides agreed not to put troops on it again.
On Thursday, MAP carried comments from Naciri on relations with Spain.
``All Moroccans agree that Ceuta and Melilla are Moroccan and that there is not a single Moroccan who thinks or who would write otherwise,'' he was quoted as saying.
Naciri stressed Morocco's desire for good relations with Spain, but added that ``the time for colonial responses is definitely over.''
There are ``red lines related to Morocco's territorial integrity that must not be crossed,'' MAP quoted Naciri as saying. ``Our Spanish friends should understand.''
He called for a solution to the problem through negotiations.
An official of the Spanish royal palace, speaking on condition of anonymity, declined to say why the royal couple had chosen now to make the trip.
The last Spanish monarch to visit Ceuta and Melilla was Juan Carlos grandfather, Alfonso XIII, in 1927.
Spanish leaders tend to stay away from them because of the political sensitivities. A January 2006 visit by Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero was the first official trip by a Spanish premier since 1980.
Associated Press writers Daniel Woolls in Madrid and John Leicester in Paris contributed to this report. source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,,-7045900,00.html
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